Anti-inflammatory
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
It is vital that the body is capable of triggering an inflammation against an infection or damage. However, when this process is misdirected or prolonged it can cause adverse health effects. Similar processes are seen in rheumatic artritis, asthma, or inflammatory bowel disease. Omega-3 fatty acids and carotenoids use anti-inflammatory effects in the later stadium of inflammation. They prevent further activation of certain immune cells and by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (1-3). Making sure to adequately take high-quality Omega-3 fatty acids and Astaxanthine can lead to a reduction of severity of these chronic inflammations, seen in certain chronic disease (4-8).
examples
Artritis - Studies have shown that within 3-4 months Omega-3 fatty acids can lead to a lesser level of joint pain, duration of morning stiffness, amount of painful joints (9).
Asthma - Supplementation of Omega 3 fatty acids for children showed a reduced risk of developing asthma and a reduced need for medicine for asthma patients (10-11).
Neuroinflammation (for example: Alzheimer, Parkinson) - When ingested, the Omega-3 fatty acids are primarily incorporated in the brain. This could decrease the amount of neuroinflammation. Diets rich in Omega-3 fatty acids have the potential to improve cognitive functioning and to lower the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease (12-14). An increased intake of Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the efficiency of anti-inflammatory medications, and perhaps reduce the need for conventional medicine (15).
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Please click below to see which scientific articles were used to gather information concerning the subject.
(1). Lee SJ,Bai SK, Lee KS, Namkoong S, Na HJ, Ha KS, Han JA, Yim SV, Chang K, Kwon YG, LeeSK, Kim YM. Astaxanthin inhibits nitric oxide production and inflammatory geneexpression by suppressing I(kappa)B kinase-dependent NF-kappaB activation. MolCells. 2003 Aug 31;16(1):97-105. PMID: 14503852. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14503852/
(2). Macedo RC, Bolin AP, Marin DP, Otton R. Astaxanthinaddition improves human neutrophils function: in vitro study. Eur J Nutr.2010 Dec;49(8):447-57. doi: 10.1007/s00394-010-0103-1. Epub 2010 Apr 2. PMID:20361333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20361333/
(3). Mahmoud FF, Haines DD, Abul HT, Abal AT, OnadekoBO, Wise JA. In vitro effects of astaxanthin combined with ginkgolide B on Tlymphocyte activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthmaticsubjects. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Feb;94(2):129-36. doi: 10.1254/jphs.94.129.PMID: 14978350. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14978350/
(4). Schubert R, Kitz R, Beermann C, Rose MA, Baer PC,Zielen S, Boehles H. Influence of low-dose polyunsaturated fatty acidssupplementation on the inflammatory response of healthy adults. Nutrition. 2007Oct;23(10):724-30. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.06.012. Epub 2007 Jul 30. PMID:17664057. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17664057/
(5). Chen CY, Tsai YF, Chang WY, Yang SC, Hwang TL. MarineNatural Product Inhibitors of Neutrophil-Associated Inflammation. Mar Drugs. 2016 Jul 26;14(8):141. doi:10.3390/md14080141. PMID: 27472345; PMCID: PMC4999902. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27472345/
(6). Wall R, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C. Fatty acidsfrom fish: the anti-inflammatory potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids.Nutr Rev. 2010 May;68(5):280-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00287.x. PMID:20500789. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20500789/
(7). Lunn J, Theobald H. The health effects of dietaryunsaturated fatty acids. NutrBull. 2006;31:178–224.
(8). Goldberg RJ, Katz J. A meta-analysis of the analgesiceffects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatoryjoint pain. Pain. 2007 May;129(1-2):210-23. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.020.Epub 2007 Mar 1. PMID: 17335973. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17335973/
(9). Goldberg RJ, Katz J. A meta-analysis of the analgesiceffects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatoryjoint pain. Pain. 2007 May;129(1-2):210-23. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.020.Epub 2007 Mar 1. PMID: 17335973. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17335973/
(10). Hodge L, Salome CM, Peat JK, Haby MM, Xuan W,Woolcock AJ. Consumption of oily fish and childhood asthma risk. Med J Aust.1996 Feb 5;164(3):137-40. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122010.x. PMID:8628130. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8628130/
(11). Oddy WH, de Klerk NH, Kendall GE, Mihrshahi S, PeatJK. Ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids and childhood asthma. J Asthma. 2004;41(3):319-26. doi:10.1081/jas-120026089. PMID: 15260465. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15260465/
(12). Layé S. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, neuroinflammationand well being. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2010Apr-Jun;82(4-6):295-303. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.02.006. Epub 2010 Mar 15. PMID: 20227866. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20227866/
(13). Barberger-Gateau P, Letenneur L, Deschamps V, Pérès K,Dartigues JF, Renaud S. Fish, meat, and risk of dementia: cohort study. BMJ.2002 Oct 26;325(7370):932-3. doi: 10.1136/bmj.325.7370.932. PMID: 12399342;PMCID: PMC130057. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12399342/
(14). Kalmijn S, Launer LJ, Ott A, Witteman JC, Hofman A,Breteler MM. Dietary fat intake and the risk of incident dementia in theRotterdam Study. Ann Neurol. 1997 Nov;42(5):776-82. doi: 10.1002/ana.410420514.PMID: 9392577. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9392577/
(15). Lordan S, Ross RP, Stanton C. Marine bioactives asfunctional food ingredients: potential to reduce the incidence of chronicdiseases. Mar Drugs. 2011;9(6):1056-1100. doi:10.3390/md9061056. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3131561/